German

German is available at dumling.de, getLanguageApi("de"), and schemasFor.de.

Supported Lemma Families

`lemmaKind`	`lemmaSubKind` values
`Lexeme`	`ADJ`, `ADP`, `ADV`, `AUX`, `CCONJ`, `DET`, `INTJ`, `NOUN`, `NUM`, `PART`, `PRON`, `PROPN`, `PUNCT`, `SCONJ`, `SYM`, `VERB`, `X`
`Morpheme`	`Circumfix`, `Clitic`, `Duplifix`, `Infix`, `Interfix`, `Prefix`, `Root`, `Suffix`, `Suffixoid`, `ToneMarking`, `Transfix`
`Phraseme`	`Aphorism`, `DiscourseFormula`, `Idiom`, `Proverb`
`Construction`	`Fusion`, `PairedFrame`

German uses Construction/Fusion for fused forms such as zum, zur, beim, or ins, and Construction/PairedFrame for learner-facing paired frames such as um zu. These are citation-only entries in the current public DTO.

Common Feature Areas

German has richer inflectional coverage than English for nouns and adjectives.

Subkind	Inherent examples	Inflectional examples
`NOUN`	`gender`, `hyph`	`case`, `number`
`VERB`	`hasGovPrep`, `hasSepPrefix`, `lexicallyReflexive`, `verbType`	`aspect`, `gender`, `mood`, `number`, `person`, `tense`, `verbForm`, `voice`
`ADJ`	`abbr`, `foreign`, `numType`, `variant`	`case`, `degree`, `gender`, `number`

German noun gender supports Fem, Masc, and Neut. German nominal and adjectival case supports Nom, Acc, Dat, and Gen.

Construction/Fusion and Construction/PairedFrame currently carry no additional inherent or inflectional features.

Example

import { dumling } from "dumling";

const seeLemma = dumling.de.create.lemma({
	canonicalLemma: "See",
	lemmaKind: "Lexeme",
	lemmaSubKind: "NOUN",
	inherentFeatures: {
		gender: "Masc",
	},
	meaningInEmojis: "🌊",
});

const seenSurface = dumling.de.create.surface.inflection({
	lemma: seeLemma,
	normalizedFullSurface: "Seen",
	inflectionalFeatures: {
		case: "Nom",
		number: "Plur",
	},
});

const seenSelection = dumling.de.create.selection({
	surface: seenSurface,
	spelledSelection: "Seen",
});

dumling.de.id.encode(seenSelection);

German fusion example:

const zumLemma = dumling.de.create.lemma({
	canonicalLemma: "zum",
	lemmaKind: "Construction",
	lemmaSubKind: "Fusion",
	inherentFeatures: {},
	meaningInEmojis: "➡️",
});

const zumSelection = dumling.de.convert.lemma.toSelection(zumLemma, {
	spelledSelection: "zum",
});

German paired-frame example:

const umZuLemma = dumling.de.create.lemma({
	canonicalLemma: "um zu",
	lemmaKind: "Construction",
	lemmaSubKind: "PairedFrame",
	inherentFeatures: {},
	meaningInEmojis: "🎯",
});

const umZuSelection = dumling.de.convert.lemma.toSelection(umZuLemma, {
	selectionFeatures: {
		coverage: "Partial",
	},
	spelledSelection: "zu",
});

Schema Access

schemasFor.de.entity.Lemma.Lexeme.NOUN();
schemasFor.de.entity.Lemma.Construction.Fusion();
schemasFor.de.entity.Lemma.Construction.PairedFrame();
schemasFor.de.entity.Surface.Inflection.Lexeme.NOUN();
schemasFor.de.entity.Selection.Inflection.Lexeme.NOUN();
schemasFor.de.entity.Selection.Citation.Construction.Fusion();
schemasFor.de.entity.Selection.Citation.Construction.PairedFrame();